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05.11.2015
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Date end: 08.11.2015

22. Workshop

Central Banks – Omnipotent or Powerless

Before the financial crisis of 2007, Central Banks were perceived as being technocratic, maybe even dull and a little remote organizations. Since then they have moved into the centre of attention not only of financial market participants but also of politicians, the press and finally the broader public. A series of “quantitative easing” programmes, low interest rate policies and other interventions in the US, Europe, Japan and other countries has made Central Bank Policy a glamorous issue of lively debate all over the world. In Switzerland, a climax of public attention has been reached on January 15 when the National Bank decided to abolish the peg of the Swiss Franc to the Euro. People who thought that the Central Bank would be able and willing to intervene in the markets at any cost had to learn that there are limits to the capabilities and effectiveness of monetary policy interventions. But in today’s debate it still seems that Central Banks are broadly perceived to be omnipotent and able to solve the economic challenges of our time. On the other hand many people warn that an economic system fuelled by cheap money might easily get out of control and collapse – as it almost did in 2007. Where are the limits of Central Bank’s activity, what should they, what can they do? What about checks and balances, Central Bank independence and finally the ultimate the “raison d’être” of Central Banks?

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Gastkommentar: Gelebte Unabhängigkeit der Schweizer Nationalbank
Gerhard Schwarz, AZ Medien, 22.01.2015
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Les banques centrales ont beaucoup trop de pouvoir
Emmanuel Garessus, Le Temps, 11.06.2014
Content

Session 1

The nature of money

  •  Menger, Karl (1892), On the Origin of Money, The Economic Journal, Vol.2, No.6. (Jun., 1892), 239-255
  • Galiani, Abbé Ferdinando (1751), The Nature of Money, 67-71

Session 2

Why Central Banks?

  • Schwarz, Anna J. (1993), Are Central Banks necessary?, Critical Review: A Journal of Politics and Society, 7:2-3, 355-370
  • Hayek, Friedrich August von (1979): Toward a Free Market Monetary System, Journal of Libertarian Studies, 3:1, 1-8

Session 3

What are Central Banks supposed to do (and what not)?

  • Goodhart, Charles E.A. (2010), The changing role of central banks, BIS Working Papers No 326, 1-15
  • Federal Act on the Swiss National Bank, October 2003 and Guidelines of the Swiss National Bank on monetary policy instruments of 25 March 2004 (as at 1 January 2015)

Session 4

What is an independent Central Bank?

  • Issing, Otmar (2006), Central Bank Independence – Economic and Political Dimensions, National Institute Economic Review 196, 66-76
  • De Haan, Jakob; Eijffinger, Sylvester C.W. (2000), The Democratic Accountability of the European Central Bank: A Comment on Two Fairy- tales, Journal of Common Market Studies, Vol. 38, No. 3, 393-407

Session 5

Quis custodiet ipsos custodes?

  • Hurwicz, Leonid (2007), But Who Will Guard the Guardians?, Nobel Media AB 2014
  • Friedman, Milton; Schwartz, Anna J. (1987), Has Government Any Role in Money?, in: Schwartz, Anna J., Money in Historical Perspective, University of Chicago Press, 289 – 314

Session 6

Have Central Banks lost control (can they control at all)?

  • Orphanides, Athanasios (2013), Is monetary policy overburdened?, BIS